Military procurement by Middle Eastern states, primarily Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Iraq and Israel, is expected to grow by 14 percent over the next five years, a new industry analysis concludes.
U.S. defense contractors will dominate the market, although the Persian Gulf states of the United Arab Emirates, Kuwait and possibly Qatar are considering buying multi-role Rafale fighters built by France’s Dassault in deals with a combined value of $5 billion-$6 billion.
Saudi Arabia is scheduled to receive U.S. arms worth around $67 billion over the next decade to boost Arab defense capabilities against feared expansionist plans by Iran.
The United Arab Emirates, along with other Arab states allied to the United States, are expected to spend as much again to upgrade their military forces over the same period.
This will largely comprise U.S. weapons systems, including ballistic missile defense systems, fighter aircraft, combat helicopters, battle tanks and missile-armed warships.
The acquisition of U.S. weaponry will, in theory at least, enhance interoperability with U.S. forces deployed in the region.
Long-running political and a dynastic rivalries between the ruling families of the Gulf Arab states continues to hamper the development of an integrated defense system between the six members of the Gulf Cooperation Council — Saudi Arabia, the Emirates, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar and Bahrain. The possible acquisition of French combat aircraft by three of these states underlines the failure of the GCC members to forge a coherent common defense strategy.
The Saudis and Oman, buoyed by rising oil prices, are seeking advanced U.S. aircraft, such as Boeing’s F-15S Eagle and Lockheed Martin’s F-16 multi-role jet.
But, Darling noted, “despite the lack of progress within the GCC in terms of a common procurement approach, the one constant is that at the national level, defense investment remains robust, generally representing between 10-20 percent of total state expenditure annually.
“For 2010, combined GCC defense/security investment was $68.3 billion. Forecast International expects that total to increase to $73.4 billion in 2011 and continue growing to $82.5 billion by 2015.”
Iran, the annual survey concluded, may lack access to the advanced modern weapons systems its regional adversaries are acquiring — largely because of longtime international arms embargoes — but it still spends $9.3 billion-$9.5 billion a year on defense.
That level of expenditure, which puts Tehran among the five highest defense spenders in the region behind Saudi Arabia, Israel, Iraq and the emirates, is expected to continue in the near term.
But, Darling points out, little of this is spent on modern weapons platforms. Most of Tehran’s defense expenditure “goes toward personnel costs, missile programs, upgrading existing platforms and developing indigenous hardware.”
With U.S. forces pulling out of Iraq, the Baghdad government is building up its own military forces and “will invest an average of $12.5 billion annually through 2015 toward the development of the Iraqi Security Forces,” Darling said.
“Although the Iraqi government would like to diversify its supply chain, the U.S. remains its principal provider of military equipment.”
Washington provides around $1.9 billion toward Iraq’s procurement fund and so long as that’s the case the United States will continue to be its main arms supplier.
“Should Washington turn off the tap,” Darling commented, “others will surely step into the void, including France, Russia and suppliers from Eastern Europe.”
These were Iraq’s main arms suppliers during the dictatorship of the late Saddam Hussein from the 1970s until he invaded Kuwait in August 1990.
