Gold price touched $1,420 an ounce last week, a three-and-half month high, as escalating tensions in the Middle East, volatile currency markets and renewed demand for jewelry in China and India pushed prices higher.
Gold has surged 15 percent since sinking to $1,212 an ounce, its lowest level in almost three years, on June 27. A gain of 20 percent or more would put the metal back in a bull market.
Gold’s resurgence follows a rough ride since the beginning of the year. The yellow metal slumped 4.8 percent in the first three months of 2013 as the outlook for the economy improved while inflation remained subdued.
For many years prior to that, heavy-weight investors, like hedge funds, bought the metal as a way to protect their investments against rising prices and a slumping dollar. They feared that the Federal Reserve’s stimulus program could cause prices to rise. But inflation remained subdued and that reduced the need to buy gold. Also, signs in January that the dollar was strengthening diminished the appeal of owning gold.
Then in the middle of April, the bottom fell out. A proposal that Cyprus sell some of its gold reserves to support its banks rattled traders, prompting concern that Spain, Italy and other weak European economies might also sell and flood the market.
Gold price plunged by $140 an ounce, or nine percent, on April 15 as investors unloaded their holdings. That was the biggest one-day decline in more than 30 years.
However, while the price of gold is still down 17 percent this year at present, the metal is on the rise.
One of the reasons people buy gold is that it offers an alternative to more traditional financial assets. When financial markets get jittery, investors often buy gold because it is considered one of the safest assets that can easily be converted to cash.
As the stock market soared this year, rising as much as 20 percent, investors had less need to hold gold. That has changed the last four weeks. Strife in Egypt and Syria has also reminded investors that it’s a dangerous world out there: wars can spread and oil prices can spike, hurting economies and stock markets. Investors want to add back a little insurance to their portfolios these days.
Investors don’t need to buy gold bars or coins to invest in the metal. Exchange-traded funds are investments that are similar to mutual funds. Both can be bought and sold on exchanges. Some of these funds, such as ETF’s Physical Swiss Gold Shares and SPDR’s Gold Shares, allow investors to buy into trusts that invest directly in gold.
The Fed appears close to reducing its $85 billion in monthly bond purchases, and that has stirred up currency prices worldwide, particularly in emerging markets. Investors had previously borrowed in dollars at low rates and then invested in faster growing economies in Asia and Latin America.
Now, that trend is reversing. U.S. interest rates have started to climb in anticipation of the Fed’s reduced stimulus.
Investors are selling their emerging-market holdings and converting the proceeds back into dollars.
The value of the Indian rupee against the dollar has plunged by more than 11 percent in August on concerns that surging oil prices are pushing the country toward an economic crisis. The Indonesian rupiah has also slumped.
When currency markets become volatile, investors worldwide look to invest in safe assets that will hold their value.
JEWELRY BUYERS
Speculators like hedge funds were behind the surge in gold over the last decade. That sent gold to a peak of $1,900 an ounce in September 2011. It also priced out a large part of the market — jewelry buyers in countries like India and China. In those countries, people have traditionally bought jewelry as a way to invest in gold.
When prices slumped this spring, though, those buyers jumped back in because people in those countries bought more gold.
The World Gold Council, a trade group for gold mining companies, says in a report on Aug. 15 that consumer demand for gold surged 87 percent in China in the second quarter, compared with the same period a year earlier. Demand in India climbed by 71 percent.
Gold still remains far below its inflation-adjusted peak. It rose as high as $873 an ounce on Jan. 21, 1980. Adjusted for price increases that would be worth $2,475 in 2013.
