The International Monetary Fund lowered by 0.3 percentage points its forecast for global economic growth in 2015. The organization called for governments and central banks to pursue accommodative monetary policies and structural reforms to support growth.
Global growth is projected at 3.5 percent for 2015 and 3.7 percent for 2016, the IMF said in its latest World Economic Outlook report.
The current factors supporting growth – lower oil prices, depreciation of euro and yen – are more than offset by persistent negative forces, including the lingering legacies of the crisis and lower potential growth in many countries.
The IMF advised advanced economies to maintain accommodative monetary policies to avoid increases in real interest rates as cheaper oil increases the risk of deflation.
If policy rates could not be reduced further, the IMF recommended pursuing an accommodative policy “through other means”.
The United States has the only bright prospects in an otherwise gloomy report for major economies, with projected growth raised to 3.6 percent from 3.1 percent for 2015. Spain’s growth was also adjusted upward.
Projections for emerging economies were also broadly cut back, with the outlook for oil exporters Russia, Nigeria and Saudi Arabia worsening the most.
The IMF predicts that a slowdown in China will draw a more limited policy response as authorities in Beijing will be more concerned with the risks of rapid credit and investment growth. The IMF also cut projections for Brazil and India.
Lower oil prices will give central banks in emerging economies leeway to delay raising benchmark interest rates, although “macroeconomic policy space to support growth remains limited,” the report said. Falling prices will also give countries a chance to reform energy subsidies and taxes, the IMF said. The prospects of commodity importers and exporters will further diverge.
Oil exporters can draw on funds they amassed when prices were high and can further allow for substantial depreciation in their currencies to dull the economic shock of plunging prices.
The report is largely in line with remarks by IMF Managing Director Christine Lagarde last week, in which she said falling oil prices and strong U.S. growth were unlikely to make the IMF more upbeat.
The euro zone and Japan could suffer a long period of weak growth and dangerously low inflation, she said.
Both Laggard and the report indicated that money flowing back to the US as it tightens monetary policy could contribute to volatile financial markets in emerging economies.
The US Federal Reserve is widely expected to begin raising interest rates later this year.
